We operate in a diverse range of geographies, consumer cultures and regulatory environments. Against this backdrop, it is important to understand where our operations and sourcing impact adversely on individuals and to prioritise our efforts in these areas.  

Our risk identification and prioritisation includes the following:

• desk-based research; 
• data from our audit and monitoring programmes; 
• worker surveys and interviews; 
• supply chain due diligence; 
• supplier engagement; 
• discussions with expert stakeholders through multi-stakeholder initiatives. 

As a majority own-label business, our primary focus is on our Food and Fashion, Home & Beauty supply chains, where, working closely with our trusted supplier partners, we are able to make the greatest impact.

Through risk assessment and due diligence activity, we consider and define key issues where we believe we have the biggest impact on people affected by our business. Focusing on our salient human rights issues provides a framework for us to monitor our progress against internationally recognised human rights standards, including the UNGPs.

In 2023 we completed a review of our Group salient human rights issues, with input from internal and external stakeholders. In 2025, as part of our ongoing review of salient human rights risks at country and sector level, we added a new issue, Climate Impact, reflecting the growing evidence that climate change is intensifying existing human rights vulnerabilities across global supply chains. Our salient human rights issues are now:

• discrimination and gender; 
• forced labour; 
• freedom of association; 
• health and safety; 
• labour exploitation; 
• wages and income; 
• working hours; 
• climate impact. 

Alongside our salient issues, we actively track a number of "watching issues" where emerging or contextual risk may require future focus.  For example, child labour, water and sanitation, loss of livelihoods, secure work and land rights. 

We are determined to do everything we can to bring fair sourcing principles to all stages of our supply chain. As part of our monitoring of our approaches to responsible sourcing and human rights, we have strong governance structures to embed practices into our business. At a Group level, we collate information annually through our external reports and Modern Slavery Statement, and we report on performance quarterly to our ESG Committee at Board level. Click here to see our reports and quick reads. 

We are committed to building a culture of trust and transparency within our business and supply chains and to work with suppliers and business partners to remedy adverse human rights impacts. We will never obstruct access to remedy and are open to collaborating in initiatives that provide access to remedy.

M&S has a strict anti-retaliation policy. We encourage our employees and individuals within our supply chains and wider communities (including those that represent them) to report any wrongdoing without fear of retribution. This includes where human rights may be violated or where there is a breach of our labour standards. Workers or their representatives are best placed to raise issues locally and potentially solve a dispute as it is occurring. Localised solutions tend to be most attuned to local culture, the concerns of those whose rights are impacted, and opportunities for sustainable solutions. External investigations of complaints by brand companies or multi-stakeholder initiatives are an important and necessary backstop to these processes and should ideally be used after all local mechanisms have been tried first.

We have both internal and external channels available for any party wishing to raise a concern, anonymously if required. We use a generic framework depending on the nature of the issue and local circumstances:

• Initial assessment of the complaint 
• Internal investigation, which may involve an independent third party 
• Consultation and mediation with all parties 
• If no agreement is forthcoming within a reasonable timeframe, we reserve the right to decide on the outcome 

If a person or organisation feels they have been the subject of retaliation we will investigate and take action to remedy the situation.

M&S has several grievance channels and mechanisms in place, and our goal is to leverage existing processes while ensuring that there are no gaps between what exists and what is required by the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights and the law. Our confidential reporting channels are managed by Safecall, and concerns can be raised by phone or online in multiple languages. We continue to strengthen our approach with digital solutions, including worker voice feedback mechanisms.

We also maintain a grievance policy which applies to all M&S employees and is regularly reviewed to ensure it remains compliant with the Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration Service (ACAS) Grievance Procedure and good practice.  

We take any allegations that human rights are not properly respected seriously.

We would never impede access to state-based judicial or non-judicial mechanisms for individuals or communities who feel their human rights have been impacted. We also would not require individuals to waive their legal rights to bring a claim through a judicial process as a condition of participating in a grievance or mediation process. Neither would we impede competent authorities in investigating or adjudicating alleged human rights impacts.

In particular, as a responsible business, we support the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises. These guidelines provide principles and standards for responsible business conduct (including human rights matters) for multinational corporations operating in or from countries adhered to the OECD Declaration on International Investment and Multinational Enterprises.

Reporting transparently on our own-label supply chain practices and operations is core to our approach to sourcing.

Since 2016, we have published data within the M&S Interactive Supply Chain Map, disclosing 100% of our Tier 1 supply chain across Food and Fashion, Home & Beauty, now using Open Supply Hub. This scope also includes some raw materials, such as tea and coffee. The map highlights production countries as well as individual factory locations and profiles for sites used by our direct suppliers.  

Read more. 

Since 2024, to share our data collaboratively and in a standardised manner with others across the industry, we disclosed our Tier 1 supply base through Open Supply Hub. We have also included additional data points including those relating to worker representation and gender.

The Fashion, Home & Beauty factories published on Open Supply Hub were active as of the date listed on the map and are contracted by our direct suppliers to produce finished goods which are ready for retail and bear M&S brand logos and marks. Included are 100% first-tier manufacturing sites which produce finished M&S branded products. The Food factories published on Open Supply Hub were active as of the date listed on the map and are 100% of our first-tier food production sites of M&S own-brand products.

We aim to ensure the information published on Open Supply Hub is as accurate as possible but, as with any large dataset, errors and anomalies can occur. We will review and update the data on this map regularly to cross-check the entries and to account for seasonal production taking place during the year. We also reserve the right to remove supplier factories from the map at any time should we suspend or cease trading with a factory. 

The use of technology platforms to hear views directly from workers is becoming a widely used tool across supply chains. We recognise the benefits of worker voice in identifying complex issues such as harassment and discrimination, which may be harder to identify in traditional social audits. We therefore encourage the use of worker voice mechanisms to gather feedback from workers and to complement our audits and risk assessment methodology. 

We recognise that training and capacity-building for our employees and supplier partners are essential for us to respect human rights in our supply chains.

Our suppliers vary in size, ranging from small artisanal companies to large multi-national businesses. To embed responsible sourcing and human rights into the supply chains of M&S products we offer opportunities to our suppliers for capacity building, including guidance and training programmes. This is typically delivered with our partners and will focus on specific risks for each business area such as worker representation and gender empowerment.

We also recognise the importance of educating our colleagues about responsible sourcing and human rights, to enable them to incorporate this into their everyday decision-making.

We provide training on human rights to colleagues titled ‘The People Behind the Product’, which launched in January 2022. It is completed by colleagues across our Food, Fashion, Home & Beauty, International, Bank and Services, and Support Centre functions (Corporate Governance, Procurement, Digital and Data, HR and Property). The module is completed every two years and is part of the e-learning for any new joiners to the business. We are currently reviewing the module to ensure it reflects our latest approach.